Designing identity of a new material: a new product design approach

The present research is a design practice-based research based on the industrial development of a new concrete. The research focuses on the development of the specific identity of a new material. The research is aimed at demonstrating that product design can be used as a new strategy to create the material identity and thus to differentiate from existing materials. In order to design material specific identity in new products, we need to understand the perception process of shaped materials. Therefore we conducted exploratory study of materials recognition in products. We identified two types of products: the “messenger” products are specific shapes characteristic from the material; the “wrong messenger” products are imitations of other well known materials. The results of questionnaire about material recognition show that it’s more or less easy to identify material according to each product (whether it’s familiar or new shapes; whether it’s imitation or specific shapes and whether it’s well known or new material). We conclude on two types of shapes: on the one hand some familiar and typical shapes make easier and more certain the material recognition; on the other hand some new shapes make people more uncertain of what it is made of but more amazed. Designing amazing new shapes can be used as a new differentiation strategy to create the specific sensory identity of each new material. It means that the product can be a really useful support to fully communicate about a new material, beyond the traditional material samples. Keywords: New Material; Sensory Identity; Product Design</p

Les Petites Affiches : textilisation of architectural memory through the transformation of rubble

This paper will introduce a practice-based and design-led investigation using Les Petites Affiches– a rehabilitation project by the architectural agency SCAU - as a key site of experimentation for a PhD project fully integrated in the daily life of the agency. The research, informed by a textile design practice, investigates new modes of transmission based on the in situ transformation of rubble - as an alternative to «tabula rasa» or strict restoration. Instead of being thrown away, rubble are conceptually and materially integrated in the new architectural project as for instance : pigments, fabrics or floor surfaces. The transmaterialised memory of the past building therefore becomes a constitutive component of the future structure. In the case study of Les Petites Affiches, a Parisian building dating back to 1922 and subject to rehabilitation between 2017-2018, 111.39 kg of rubble were collected to explore how they could be textilised. In other words, the experiment - developed during an on-site-residency -, focused on how these rubble could be appropriated through textile processes to give life to new architectural materials. For example, some fragments were grinded and sieved to achieve the fine grain of a pigment before being mixed with a binder. The ink obtained, charged with the site’s history, was printed on textile using silk screen methods. Bringing together two materials: textile and stone as a mean to reveal the different strata of the site’s story, the outcomes of this process will be the occasion to discuss the potential of conceiving and materialising an architecture informed by its past but also imbued with more suppleness

Coordination of Kinesin Motors Pulling on Fluid Membranes

AbstractIntracellular transport relies on the action of motor proteins, which work collectively to either carry small vesicles or pull membranes tubes along cytoskeletal filaments. Although the individual properties of kinesin-1 motors have been extensively studied, little is known on how several motors coordinate their action and spatially organize on the microtubule when pulling on fluid membranes. Here we address these questions by studying, both experimentally and numerically, the growth of membrane tubes pulled by molecular motors. Our in vitro setup allows us to simultaneously control the parameters monitoring tube growth and measure its characteristics. We perform numerical simulations of membrane tube growth, using the experimentally measured values of all parameters, and analyze the growth properties of the tube considering various motor cooperation schemes. The comparison of the numerical results and the experimental data shows that motors use simultaneously several protofilaments of a microtubule to pull a single tube, as motors moving along a single protofilament cannot generate the forces required for tube extraction. In our experimental conditions, we estimate the average number of motors pulling the tube to be approximately nine, distributed over three contiguous protofilaments. Our results also indicate that the motors pulling the tube do not step synchronously

Friction Mediates Scission of Tubular Membranes Scaffolded by BAR Proteins

International audienceMembrane scission is essential for intracellular trafficking. While BAR domain proteins such as endophilin have been reported in dynamin-independent scission of tubular membrane necks, the cutting mechanism has yet to be deciphered. Here, we combine a theoretical model, in vitro, and in vivo experiments revealing how protein scaffolds may cut tubular membranes. We demonstrate that the protein scaffold bound to the underlying tube creates a frictional barrier for lipid diffusion; tube elongation thus builds local membrane tension until the membrane undergoes scission through lysis. We call this mechanism friction-driven scission (FDS). In cells, motors pull tubes, particularly during endocytosis. Through reconstitution, we show that motors not only can pull out and extend protein-scaffolded tubes but also can cut them by FDS. FDS is generic, operating even in the absence of amphipathic helices in the BAR domain, and could in principle apply to any high-friction protein and membrane assembly

Innovation et design (contribution de la conception à l'expansion de l'identité des matériaux)

Par sa spécificité à observer et questionner le monde dans ses aspects à la fois physique, esthétique, symbolique et culturel, le design retient aujourd'hui l'intérêt du génie industriel pour sa contribution indispensable aux nouvelles innovations. La présente recherche établit un lien entre le design et l'innovation dans le domaine des matériaux. Elle a été conduite dans le cadre du projet de développement industriel d'une gamme d'objets réalisés à partir d'un béton aux performances innovantes, l'Ultrabéton®. Le projet a initié le constat d'un manque d'identité inhérent aux matériaux émergents issus des dernières avancées technologiques. Comment pallier ce manque ? Quel peut être le rôle et l'impact de la conception et du design sur l'identité d'un matériau ? Nous définissons l'identité d'un matériau comme l'ensemble de ce qui le caractérise, à la fois sur le plan matériel et immatériel, à la fois sa 'plastique', son apparence, et son 'récit', ses significations symboliques et culturelles. Les phases d'élaboration du matériau et surtout de sa mise en forme en objet sont identifiées comme autant d'actions de conception motrices d'une expansion possible de l'identité d'un matériau. L'analyse a posteriori de plusieurs cas de conception sélectionnés parmi les différents projets de design réalisés au cours de notre recherche et complémentaires au cas de l'Ultrabéton®, nous permet de valider un modèle d'expansion de l'identité d'un matériau par la conception d'objets. Cette proposition théorique doit aider à de possibles expansions d'identités de matériaux et à avancer ainsi vers une 'humanisation' des innovations dans le domaine des matériaux.design discipline observes and questions the world in all its physical, aesthetic, symbolic and cultural dimensions. In this way, design is of particular interest to industrial engineering discipline for its essential contribution to new innovations. This research links design to innovations in the field of materials. It was conducted as part of the industrial development of a range of objects made of Ultrabéton®, a concrete with innovative performances. The project has made us aware of a lack of identity in the case of materials emerging from the latest technological advances. How should we to fill this lack ? What are the role and consequences of engineering and design for the identity of a material ? We define the identity of a material as everything that characterizes it : both in material and immaterial dimensions, its shape, its appearance, and its 'story', its symbolic and cultural meanings. The phases when material is designed and especially when it is shaped into an object are all identified as design actions able to expand the identity of a material. The post hoc analysis of several design cases selected from various design projects carried out during this research as a complement to the Ultrabéton® case, allows us to validate a model for materials identity expansion when designing objects. This theoretical proposal should help to expand materials identities and to move towards more 'humanized' innovations in the field of materialsPARIS-Arts et Métiers (751132303) / SudocSudocFranceF

Agence de design (construction de croyances et de pratiques autour de l'observation et la création)

PARIS7-Bibliothèque centrale (751132105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Favoriser la création de nouveaux objets par les matériaux et les procédés au sein d'une maison traditionnelle à forte identité ( le cas d'Hermès)

En interaction directe avec l'utilisateur, les matériaux (et à fortiori leur procédés de mise en œuvre) occupent une place centrale dans l'appréciation d'un objet. Ils sont en effet porteurs de souvenirs, de messages, de symboles. Notre recherche positionne les matériaux et les procédés de mise en œuvre au cœur du projet. Nous proposons ainsi d'aller au-delà des problématiques techniques, économiques, écologiques, esthétiques ou sémantiques auxquelles ils répondent en exploitant leur potentiel inspirationnel. Notre recherche s'inscrit au sein de l'activité de création et pour cause, le cadre opérationnel de notre thèse est une maison de création traditionnelle et artisanale dans le domaine du luxe. Le marketing montre l'importance de la prise en compte de l'identité de marque dans tout nouvel effort de création. S'appuyant sur ce constat, la problématique de notre recherche est la suivante : Comment favoriser la création de nouveaux objets par les matériaux et les procédés au sein d'une entreprise traditionnelle à forte identité ? Pour y répondre, nous proposons des concevoir un outil qui facilite la génération d'idées pour des créateurs. Le principe de cet outil est basé sur la capitalisation d'informations propres à l'entreprise ainsi que sur la sélection d'informations nouvelles et pertinentes en termes de matériaux et de procédés. Dérivé du concept de matériauthèque, largement populaire auprès des designers et des créateurs, l'outil que nous avons modélisé facilite le mécanisme de rapprochement entre des informations nouvelles pré-sélectionnées et des informations propres à l'entreprise. D'un point de vue scientifique, l'enjeu de cette recherche est alors de proposer un outil inspirationnel orienté matériaux et procédés qui s'adresse à un public de designers et de créateurs. Pour l'entreprise, cet outil d'aide à la génération d'idées nouvelles offre des clés pour s'affirmer face à la concurrence, pour trouver de nouveaux marchés, pour renouveler son expertise afin de se projeter dans l'avenir.In interaction with users, materials and processes have a central place in object evaluation: they remember memories, messages, and symbols. Our research places them in the heart of project. Thus, we suggest going beyond their technical, economic, ecological, aesthetic, or semantic problems by using their inspiring influence. In other words, we want to exploit them to develop new objects. Our research belongs to creation: this PhD takes place in a traditional, handcrafted, and luxurious company. In accordance with marketing, we point the importance of taking into account the brand identity in every new creation. Based on this report, our research problem is: How to support the creation of new objects within a traditional company with strong identity? To resolve this question, we propose a tool to support creation of new idea for creators. The tool's aim is based on the capitalization of information from the company and from the selection of relevant information. From the concept of material library, which is popular near designers and creators, our tool facilitates analogy and transfer means between new information and company's information. Material sciences underline the importance of tools that are for engineers but that are not understood by designers or creators. Indeed, their technical positions as well as their languages are a brake for creators. From a scientific point of view, this research has to propose an inspiring tool for designers and creators to utilize materials and processes. For the company, this tool supports new idea to have competitive advantages and new markets.PARIS-Arts et Métiers (751132303) / SudocSudocFranceF

Valorisation du couple forme-matière, un enjeu d'avenir ?

International audienc

From Product to Dust: Looking at the Ways to Regenerate Value in Product Life Cycle

International audienceThe shift from linear to circular patterns is on the way and rise many questions. In the last ten years, reuse and upcycling are gaining more attention. Since reduce and reuse were describe as a priority by the European Union, some leading projects are unveiled in different countries. Scale and quality of those projects push the reuse issue out of the shadow, far from original prejudices who associate waste and reuse to « poverty » and « Do It Yourself ». Although Reuse emerge as a prominent question, the idea and boundaries of « what is reuse » appears to be blur and not clearly understood. This situation lead to general incomprehension, even for professionals. Reuse, repurpose, upcycling and recycling are usually considered to wear the same meaning despite a huge difference on what it implies.In this paper we will examine these different notions through a pedagogical case study. We will draw the different ways to regenerate value at all steps of product life cycle in a precise manner. This allows to better insight the meaning of those issues in the case of student design education. In the same time, it aims to be a tool for teaching sustainable design and waste management

From Product to Dust: Looking at the Ways to Regenerate Value in Product Life Cycle

International audienceThe shift from linear to circular patterns is on the way and rise many questions. In the last ten years, reuse and upcycling are gaining more attention. Since reduce and reuse were describe as a priority by the European Union, some leading projects are unveiled in different countries. Scale and quality of those projects push the reuse issue out of the shadow, far from original prejudices who associate waste and reuse to « poverty » and « Do It Yourself ». Although Reuse emerge as a prominent question, the idea and boundaries of « what is reuse » appears to be blur and not clearly understood. This situation lead to general incomprehension, even for professionals. Reuse, repurpose, upcycling and recycling are usually considered to wear the same meaning despite a huge difference on what it implies.In this paper we will examine these different notions through a pedagogical case study. We will draw the different ways to regenerate value at all steps of product life cycle in a precise manner. This allows to better insight the meaning of those issues in the case of student design education. In the same time, it aims to be a tool for teaching sustainable design and waste management